As we've seen, travel in and through the mountains took place in many different cultures and in many different places for many different reasons. Mountains were seen not just as physical entities but represented a wide spectrum of ideas, needs and fears at different times in history. They were; the sacred places of pilgrimage; barriers to military advances; source of bad weather and the home of dragons and other demons. They were visited only of necessity.
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| Croagh Patrick |
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| Croagh Patrick |
Christianity may have caused a change in attitude towards mountains and many of the pagan mountain sites were subsumed into Christian practice - Croagh Patrick in Ireland, Harz Mountains in Germany,
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| Gr St Bernard. Courtesy IAAH |
,Great St Bernard Pass in Switzerland - so that pilgrimages to mountains became part of Christian spirituality.
To climb for the pleasure of doing so! The Italian, Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) is regarded as the first person to have climbed a mountain simply "for the view" in April 1336. Mt Ventoux was close to where he lived and he felt a "wish to see what so great an elevation had to offer".
Through the succeeding centuries some mountains in Europe were being climbed by individuals for such 'non utilitarian' reasons:
Antoine de Ville - (d.1504) ordered by the King of France (Charles VIII) to climb Mont Aiguille, then regarded as 'unclimbable', he assailed the mountain with ropes and ladders and succeeded in 1492. This is regarded as the first ascent of a peak of any technical difficulty and, using techniques far ahead of the time, is considered the first truly "Alpine" climb.
During these centuries there were others who were interested in the Alps and Alpine travel:
Josias Simmler (1530-'76), an academic in Zurich interested in classical accountsof Alpine travel and his work promotes a growing interest in the topography of the Alps. he produced the first book solely related to Th Alps. (Wikipedia).
Conrad Gesner (1516-65), 'his writings were the first to instil a positive delight in the mountains and a joy in the scenery for its own sake'. His account of the ascent of Mt Pilatus in 1555 is one of the early classics of mountain literature. He declared in a letter to a friend the he " resolved for the future ... to climb mountains, or...to climb one mountain every year". (Wikipedia)
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| Conrad Gessner |
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| Josias Simmler |
In Ireland there seems to be no evidence that any such activity was taking place although mountain journeys continued to be undertaken, as related earlier, in relation to pilgrimages to holy mountains and Lughnasa festivals.
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